Stock Market- SEBI, NSE, BSE, Nifty, Sensex

1. Participants: The Indian stock market consists of various participants, including individual investors, institutional investors (such as mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds), traders, brokers, and dealers. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority that oversees the Indian stock market.
2. Exchanges: There are two major stock exchanges in India: the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) link: https://www.bseindia.com/. BSE is located on Dalal Street in Mumbai. Established in 1875 by cotton merchant Premchand Roychand, a kumauni businessman, it is the oldest stock exchange in Asia, and also the tenth oldest in the world.The National Stock Exchange (NSE) link- https://www.nseindia.com/. NSE was founded in 1992 and is the largest stock exchange in India in terms of market capitalization. It was recognised as a stock exchange by SEBI in April 1993 and commenced operations in 1994 with the launch of the wholesale debt market, followed shortly after by the launch of the cash market segment. There is another stock exchange in India that is Calcutta Stock Exchange (CES) link https://www.cse-india.com/ incorporated in 1908.
3. Trading: Trading on the stock market can take place on physical exchanges, such as the National Stock Exchange (NSE) ,Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) , Calcutta Stock Exchange (CES) ,New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) https://www.nyse.com/index ,electronically through computer networks. Trading in the Indian stock market takes place on weekdays from Monday to Friday, except for public holidays. The trading session consists of pre-opening, normal trading, and post-closing sessions. Trades are executed through brokers, who act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers.
4. Investment: Investors can buy and hold stocks for long-term investment, or trade stocks frequently to take advantage of short-term price movements. Investment strategies vary depending on the investor's goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon. The Indian stock market provides opportunities for investors to invest in a variety of financial instruments, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The market offers investment options for all types of investors, from long-term investors to day traders
5. Risks: While investing in stocks can potentially yield high returns, it also carries risks, such as market volatility, company-specific risks, and regulatory risks. It is important for investors to do their due diligence and understand the risks before investing in the stock market.
6. Impact: The stock market can have a significant impact on the broader economy. Stock prices can affect consumer spending, business investment, and economic growth. Additionally, changes in interest rates or government policies can affect the stock market and investor behavior.
7. Indices: Stock market indices, such as the Nifty50, Sensex, S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average, track the performance of a basket of stocks and serve as benchmarks for the overall market. Investors use these indices as a gauge of the market's overall performance and to compare the performance of their own investments.

1. Regulation: SEBI regulates the securities market in India by issuing regulations and guidelines for various market participants, such as stock exchanges, brokers, mutual funds, and listed companies. It also monitors compliance with these regulations and takes enforcement actions when necessary.
2. Investor Protection: SEBI is responsible for protecting the interests of investors in securities. It ensures that companies disclose accurate and timely information to investors and takes actions against fraudulent activities in the market.
3. Development: SEBI promotes the development of the securities market in India by introducing new financial instruments and products, encouraging the participation of foreign investors, and supporting the development of infrastructure, such as stock exchanges and depositories.
4. Education: SEBI also plays a key role in educating investors about the securities market and their rights and responsibilities. It conducts investor awareness programs and publishes educational materials for investors.

1. Ownership: The NSE is owned by a consortium of leading financial institutions, including banks and insurance companies.
2. Trading: The NSE provides an electronic trading platform for various financial instruments, including equities, derivatives, and currency futures. The exchange operates on a fully automated trading system, which allows for fast and efficient trading.
3. Indices: The NSE is home to several key stock market indices, including the Nifty 50 and the Nifty Bank. These indices track the performance of a basket of stocks and serve as benchmarks for the overall market.
4. Investor Protection: The NSE has established a robust regulatory framework to protect the interests of investors. It has a well-defined code of conduct for market participants, and it monitors compliance with these regulations through a surveillance mechanism.
5. Technology: The NSE is known for its use of technology in trading and settlement processes. It has pioneered several technological innovations in the Indian stock market, including electronic trading, order matching algorithms, and straight-through processing.

1. Ownership: The BSE is a public limited company that is owned by various stakeholders, including brokers, banks, and financial institutions.
2. Trading: The BSE provides a trading platform for various financial instruments, including equities, derivatives, mutual funds, and bonds. It operates on an electronic trading system known as BOLT (BSE Online Trading System).
3. Indices: The BSE is home to several key stock market indices, including the BSE Sensex and the BSE MidCap. These indices track the performance of a basket of stocks and serve as benchmarks for the overall market.
4. Investor Protection: The BSE has established a strong regulatory framework to protect the interests of investors. It has a well-defined code of conduct for market participants and monitors compliance with these regulations through a surveillance mechanism.
5. History: The BSE has a rich history and has played a significant role in the development of the Indian stock market. It has survived several crises and has adapted to changes in technology and regulation over the years.

1. Constituents: The Nifty 50 comprises of 50 companies that are selected based on several criteria, including market capitalization, liquidity, and sector representation. The companies in the index are reviewed regularly to ensure that they continue to meet the eligibility criteria.
2. Weightage: The Nifty 50 is a market capitalization-weighted index, which means that the weight of each company in the index is determined by its market capitalization relative to the total market capitalization of all the companies in the index.
3. Sectors: The Nifty 50 covers 14 sectors of the Indian economy, including financial services, consumer goods, healthcare, energy, and information technology. The sectoral distribution of the index reflects the overall structure of the Indian economy.
4. Performance: The Nifty 50 is widely used as a benchmark for the overall performance of the Indian stock market. Investors and analysts use the index to track the performance of the Indian stock market, to compare the performance of individual stocks and sectors against the index, and to design investment strategies.

1. Constituents: The Nifty is an index of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India, while the Sensex is an index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) of India. The Nifty comprises 50 large-cap companies listed on the NSE, while the Sensex comprises 30 large-cap companies listed on the BSE.
2. Calculation: The Nifty and Sensex are calculated differently. The Nifty is a market capitalization-weighted index, which means that the weight of each company in the index is determined by its market capitalization relative to the total market capitalization of all the companies in the index. The Sensex, on the other hand, is a price-weighted index, which means that the weight of each company in the index is determined by its share price.
3. Sectors: The Nifty and Sensex cover different sectors of the Indian economy. The Nifty covers 14 sectors, while the Sensex covers only 6 sectors. The sectoral distribution of the indices reflects the overall structure of the Indian economy.
4. Performance: The Nifty and Sensex are widely used as benchmarks for the overall performance of the Indian stock market. Investors and analysts use the indices to track the performance of the Indian stock market, to compare the performance of individual stocks and sectors against the indices, and to design investment strategies.

• Shares outstanding refers to the total number of shares issued by the company that are owned by investors.
• Price per share refers to the current market price of a single share of the company's stock.

1. Large-cap companies: These are companies with a market capitalization above Rs.7000 crore  to Rs.20000 crore and more. They are generally well-established, mature companies with a long track record of success.
2. Mid-cap companies: These are companies with a market capitalization between Rs.500 crore upto Rs.7000 crore. They are generally established companies that are still growing, but may not have the stability or long track record of large-cap companies.
3. Small-cap companies: These are companies with a market capitalization upto Rs.500 crore. They are generally younger, less-established companies that are still in the growth phase.